Operators in Java

In this article, you will be learning about the operators in Java, its usage and examples.

Operators in Java

Operators are generally special symbols that perform specific operations on one, two, or three operands, and then return a result. Java provides a vast set of operators to manipulate variables.They are classified based on the functions they provide. The following operators are available in Java programming:

• Arithmetic Operators
• Relational Operators
• Bitwise Operators
• Logical Operators
• Assignment Operators
• Misc Operators

Let’s see each operator in detail.

Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are used to perform arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction etc.

Let’s see the arithmetic operators and its operations

Sample program using arithmetic operator

Input

public class Main {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    int a = 7, b = 5;

    System.out.println("Addition of a + b = " + (a + b));
    System.out.println("Subtraction of a - b = " + (a - b));
    System.out.println("Multiplication of a * b = " + (a * b));
    System.out.println("Division of a / b = " + (a / b));
    System.out.println("Modulus if a % b = " + (a % b));
  }
}

Output

Addition of a + b = 12
Subtraction of a - b = 2
Multiplication of a * b = 35
Division of a / b = 1
Modulus if a % b = 2

Relational Operators

Relational operators are used to check the relationship between two operands. They primarily return results in Boolean. They are extensively used in looping statements as well as conditional if else statements.

Syntax

variable relation_operator value

The following operators are relational operators.

Sample program using a relational operator

Input

public class Main {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    int a = 7, b = 5;
    System.out.println( "Checking if a equal to b : " + ( a == b ) );  
    System.out.println("Checking if a is not equal to : " + (a != b) ); 

    System.out.println("Checking if a is greater than : " +(a > b));  
    System.out.println("Checking if a is lesser than : " +(a < b));  
    System.out.println("Checking if a is greater than or equal to b : " +(a >= b));

    System.out.println( "Checking if a is lesser than or equal to b : " +(a<= b)); 
  }
}

Output

Checking if a equal to b : false
Checking if a is not equal to : true
Checking if a is greater than : true
Checking if a is lesser than : false
Checking if a is greater than or equal to b : true
Checking if a is lesser than or equal to b : false

Bitwise Operators

Bitwise operators in Java are used to perform operations on individual bits. Below are the bitwise operators and their functions in detail

Logical Operators

Logical operators are used to check whether an expression is true or false. They are used in decision making.

Sample program using logical operators in Java

Input

public class Main {
  public static void main(String[] args) {

    System.out.println((5 > 7) && (7> 5)); 
    System.out.println((5 > 7) && (7 < 5));

    System.out.println((5 < 7) || (7 > 5));  
    System.out.println((5 > 7) || (7 < 5));  
    System.out.println((5 < 7) || (7 < 5));  
    System.out.println(!(5 == 7));
    System.out.println(!(5 > 7));  
  }
}

Output

false
false
true
false
true
true
true

Assignment Operators

Assignment operators in Java are used to assign values to the designated variables The following assignment operators are supported in Java programming

|+=|It is used for adding left operand with right operand and then assigning it to variable on the left.| |- |-=|It is used for subtracting left operand with right operand and then assigning it to variable on the left. |*=| It is used for multiplying left operand with right operand and then assigning it to variable on the left.| |/=|It is used for dividing left operand with right operand and then assigning it to variable on the left.| |%=| It is used for assigning modulo of left operand with right operand and then assigning it to variable on the left|

Sample program using assignment operators in Java programming

Input

public class Main{  
public static void main(String args[]){  
int a=57;  
int b=75;  
a+=5; 
b-=6;  
System.out.println(a);  
System.out.println(b);  
}}

Output

62
69

Misc operator

Misc operators or the miscellaneous operators . There are two types of misc operators used in Java. They are:

Conditional Operator ( ? : )

Conditional operator is also known as the ternary operator. This operator consists of three operands and is used to evaluate Boolean expressions.

Syntax

variable x = (expression) ? value if true : value if false

Sample program

Input

class Java {
  public static void main(String[] args) {

    int februaryDays = 29;
    String result;

     result = (februaryDays == 28) ? "Not a leap year" : "Leap year";
    System.out.println(result);
  }
}
}

Output

Leap year

instanceof Operator

instanceof operator is more of a keyword that is used for checking if the reference variable is containing a given type of object or not

Syntax

(Object reference variable ) instanceof  (class/interface type)

Sample program for instanceof operator in Java

Input

public class Main {
  public static void main(String[] args) {

    String str = "CodersEditor";
    boolean result;

    result = str instanceof String;
    System.out.println("Is str an object of String? " + result);
  }
}

Output

Is str an object of String? true