adaptive cruise control

Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) is an advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) used in vehicles to automatically control the vehicle’s speed and maintain a safe following distance from the vehicle ahead. It is an enhancement of the traditional cruise control system, which allows drivers to set a constant speed for their vehicles. ACC adds the ability to adjust the vehicle’s speed dynamically based on the traffic conditions.

Here’s how Adaptive Cruise Control typically works:

1. Speed Setting: The driver can set the desired cruising speed, just like in traditional cruise control systems. The vehicle then maintains this set speed until the ACC is activated.
2. Radar or Camera Sensors: ACC uses radar sensors, lidar (light detection and ranging), or camera-based sensors to detect the distance and speed of vehicles in front. These sensors continuously monitor the traffic conditions.
3. Following Distance Control: When ACC is engaged, the system automatically adjusts the vehicle’s speed to maintain a safe following distance from the vehicle ahead. The driver can usually select a preferred following distance setting, such as short, medium, or long.
4. Adaptive Braking and Acceleration: If the vehicle ahead slows down, the ACC system will also slow down the vehicle to maintain the preset following distance. Conversely, when the road is clear or the vehicle ahead speeds up, the ACC system accelerates the vehicle to reach the set cruising speed again.
5. Automatic Stop-and-Go: Some advanced ACC systems also feature automatic stop-and-go functionality. If the vehicle in front comes to a complete stop, the ACC system will also bring the vehicle to a stop. When the traffic starts moving again, the ACC system will automatically resume following the vehicle ahead.

Adaptive Cruise Control provides several benefits to drivers, including increased comfort during long highway drives, reduced driver fatigue, and improved safety by automatically adjusting the vehicle’s speed in response to changing traffic conditions. It can also be useful in heavy traffic situations, where it can help reduce the need for constant acceleration and braking.

However, it’s important for drivers to remain attentive and keep their hands on the steering wheel while using ACC. While ACC can assist with speed control and following distance, it does not replace the need for driver awareness and active supervision. It is considered a Level 1 or Level 2 automation system according to the SAE International’s J3016 standard, meaning that the driver must remain engaged and be ready to take over control when necessary.