In Python, object-oriented Programming (OOPs) is a programming paradigm that uses objects and classes in programming. It aims to implement real-world entities like inheritance, polymorphisms, encapsulation, etc. in the programming. The main concept of OOPs is to bind the data and the functions that work on that together as a single unit so that no other part of the code can access this data.
OOPs Concepts in Python
- Class
- Objects
- Polymorphism
- Encapsulation
- Inheritance
- Data Abstraction
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that focuses on creating reusable and modular code by organizing data and behavior into objects. Python, being an object-oriented programming language, provides several OOP concepts to facilitate code organization, encapsulation, and reusability. Here are the main OOP concepts in Python:
Classes: A class is a blueprint or template that defines the structure and behavior of objects. It encapsulates data (attributes) and functions (methods) that operate on that data. Objects are instances of classes.
Objects: Objects are instances of classes. They are created from the class blueprint and represent real-world entities or concepts. Each object has its own unique set of attributes and can perform actions defined by the class methods.
Encapsulation: Encapsulation is the bundling of data and methods within a class, allowing data to be accessed and modified only through the defined methods. It helps hide the internal implementation details and protects data integrity.
Inheritance: Inheritance allows a class to inherit attributes and methods from another class, known as the superclass or base class. It promotes code reuse and supports the creation of hierarchies and specialized classes (subclasses or derived classes) that inherit and extend the functionality of the base class.
Polymorphism: Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common superclass or interface. It enables a single interface or method to be used for objects of various types, providing flexibility and code reusability.
Abstraction: Abstraction focuses on defining essential attributes and behaviors while hiding unnecessary details. It allows the creation of abstract classes and methods that provide a blueprint for subclasses but cannot be instantiated themselves.
Method Overriding: Method overriding occurs when a subclass provides its own implementation of a method that is already defined in its superclass. It allows customization and modification of inherited behavior.
Method Overloading: Method overloading is the ability to define multiple methods with the same name but different parameters. Python does not support method overloading by default, but it can be achieved using techniques like default arguments or variable-length argument lists.