Operators in Python

In this tutorial, you will learn about operators in Python, their usage and an example program demonstrating the usage of operators in your python application.

Operators in Python

Operators are generally special symbols that perform specific operations on one, two, or three operands, and then return a result.

Consider the mathematical equation,

 a + b = c

here ‘a’,’ ‘b’, ‘c’ are all variables and ‘+’ and ‘=’ are the operators. These operators perform an arithmetic operation and provide a result.

Python provides a vast set of operators to manipulate variables. They are classified based on the functions they provide.

The following operators are available in Python programming:

• Arithmetic operators
• Assignment operators
• Comparison operators
• Logical operators
• Bitwise operators
• Membership Operators (in, not in)
• Identity Operators (Is , is not)

Let’s see each operator in detail.

Arithmetic Operator

Arithmetic operators are used to perform arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction etc.

Sample program

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a=5 
b=7 
c=(a+b) 
d=(a-b)
e=(a*b)
f=(b/a)
g=(a%b)
print ("The value of c is:", c)
print ("The value of d is:", d)
print ("The value of e is:", e)
print ("The value of f is:", f)
print ("The value of g is:", g)

The value of c is: 12
The value of d is: -2
The value of e is: 35
The value of f is: 1.4
The value of g is: 5

Assignment operators in Python are used to assign values to the designated variables.

Sample program

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a=5 
b=7 
a += 5 
print ("The value of c is:", a)
a*=7
print ("The value of d is:", a)
a**=5
print ("The value of d is:", a)
a/=7
print ("The value of d is:", a)
a%= 5
print ("The value of d is:", a)

Output

The value of c is: 10
The value of d is: 70
The value of d is: 1680700000
The value of d is: 240100000.0
The value of d is: 0.0

Comparison Operators

The comparison operators are used to compare the given two values. The following operators belong to the comparison operators segment.

Sample program

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a=5
b=7
if a==b:
    print("a is equal to b")
else:
    print("a is not equal to b")
c=5
d=7
if c<d :
    print("c is lesser than d")
else:
    print("c is greater")

Output

a is not equal to b
c is lesser than d

Logical Operators

Logical operators are used to checking whether an expression is true or false. They are used in decision making.

Sample program

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a = 4  
b = 7
c = 57
  
if a > 5 or b > 5:
    print("Either of The number is greater than 5")
  
if a > 5 and b > 5 and c > 5:
    print("The numbers are greater than 5")
else:
    print("Atleast one number is not greater than 5")

Output

Either of The number is greater than 5
Atleast one number is not greater than 5

Bitwise Operators

As the name indicates, bitwise operators perform operations in bits on binary numbers.

Membership Operators

Membership operators are used to checking whether the given value or a variable is available in a sequence.

Identity Operators

These operators are used to check whether the given set of values has the same memory locations.

Operator Precedence

An expression is a combination of values, variables, operators, and functions. The Python interpreter can evaluate a valid expression.

Consider the following mathematical equation:

 5-7+57*57/7%5

Here “5-7+57*57/7%5” is an expression. There can be any number of operators in an expression.

To perform the operations and to solve the expression/equation, there is a rule of precedence in Python. The rule of precedence shows the compiler the order of operations.

The below table shows the orders of precedence in which python solves the expression. It is given in descending order i.e. the highest precedence is given from the top

Note: The order of precedence can be altered by using parenthesis (). Operators used inside the parenthesis are given the highest precedence regardless of its power.

Sample program:

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a= 5-7+57*57/7%5
print( "The answer is", a)

Here,  a lot of operators are used in this equation. When the equation is fed in the compiler, python interpretes the equation with the rule of precedence and equates the equation. This gives us the following result

Output:

The answer is 2.142857142857167